

To conclude, if working life is to benefit from outdoor office work, leaders, urban planners and policymakers need to collaborate and show the way out. Of crucial importance was managers’ attitudes, as well as the overall organizational culture on this idea of bringing office work outdoors. Conditions of importance for outdoor office work to happen and function well were found in the physical environment, where proximity to urban greenspaces stood out as important, but also in the sociocultural and organizational domains. Outdoor work activities were associated with many positive experiences by contributing to a sense of well-being, recovery, autonomy, enhanced cognition, better communication, and social relations, but also with feelings of guilt and illegitimacy. The results showed that a wide range of work activities could be done outdoors, both individually and in collaboration with others. Data was collected via interviews, group discussions and a custom-made mobile application. Fifty-eight participants engaged in the collaborative learning process, including 40 half-day workshops and reflective group discussions, co-interviews, and participants’ independent experimentation of bringing work activities outdoors. Based on a two-year interactive research project, the study was conducted together with a Swedish municipality. The aim of this study was to explore how office work may be conducted outdoors, understanding how it is being experienced by office employees and identifying its contextual preconditions. However, the boundary between indoor and outdoor environment seems to be strong and normative regarding how office work is performed.

Work is conducted at multiple locations outside the office, such as at clients’ premises, at home, in cafés, or when traveling. The physical boundaries of office work have become increasingly flexible.

4Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.3Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.2School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Division of Sociology, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.

